Lithium battery protection boards, as key components ensuring the safe and stable operation of lithium batteries, can be classified into various types based on different standards. Understanding these classifications helps us choose the appropriate protection board based on actual needs and fully leverage the performance advantages of lithium batteries.
Classified by the number of battery strings
Single-cell lithium battery protection board
Single-cell lithium battery protection boards are mainly used to protect individual lithium batteries and are commonly found in small electronic products such as Bluetooth headphones, smart bracelets, and power banks. These devices usually only require one lithium battery for power supply. A single protection board can achieve basic protection functions for the battery, including overcharge protection, overdischarge protection, overcurrent protection and short-circuit protection. Its circuit design is relatively simple and the cost is low. It can effectively prevent battery damage or equipment failure caused by abnormal battery voltage, excessive current and other problems, extend the service life of lithium batteries, and ensure the safe operation of equipment.



Multi-cell lithium battery protection board
As the application scenarios of lithium batteries develop towards high voltage and large capacity, the use of multiple lithium batteries in series or parallel is becoming increasingly common, and multi-cell lithium battery protection boards have emerged as The Times require. Multi-cell lithium battery protection boards can be further classified into different specifications such as 2-4 cells, 5-10 cells, and over 10 cells to accommodate battery packs composed of different numbers of batteries.
In a battery pack composed of multiple lithium batteries connected in series, due to the performance differences of each battery, voltage imbalance may occur during the charging and discharging process, affecting the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack. Therefore, in addition to the basic protection function of a single-cell protection board, the multi-cell lithium battery protection board also adds the battery balancing function. By means of active or passive balancing, the voltage of each battery is regulated to make the power of each battery in the battery pack tend to be consistent, thereby improving the charging and discharging efficiency and service life of the battery pack. This type of protection board is widely used in fields such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Classified by functional characteristics
Ordinary protective plate
The common protection board aims mainly to achieve the basic protection functions of lithium batteries, focusing on overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent and short-circuit protection. It monitors the voltage, current and other parameters of the battery in real time through the control IC. When an abnormal situation is detected, it quickly controls the MOSFET to cut off the circuit to prevent the battery from being damaged due to abnormal working conditions. The common protection board has a simple structure and low cost, and is suitable for application scenarios where the battery protection function requirements are relatively single and cost is a concern, such as some mid-to-low-end consumer electronic products.
Intelligent protection board
The intelligent protection board integrates more advanced functions and intelligent control technologies on the basis of the ordinary protection board. It not only can achieve precise battery protection, but also has the function of battery status monitoring and display. It can obtain key information such as the state of charge (SOC) and health status (SOH) of the battery in real time and feed it back to the user or the main control system of the device through the display screen or communication interface. In addition, intelligent protection boards usually support communication functions, such as I²C, SPI, CAN and other communication protocols, facilitating data interaction and collaborative control with external devices. Some intelligent protection boards also have self-diagnosis and fault early warning functions, which can promptly detect potential faults and issue alerts in advance, facilitating users' maintenance and handling. Intelligent protection boards are often used in fields with high requirements for battery performance and management, such as new energy vehicles, high-end unmanned aerial vehicles, and energy storage power stations.
Classified by application scenarios
Consumer electronics protection boards
Consumer electronics protection boards are mainly applied to consumer electronic products such as mobile phones, laptops, tablet computers and digital cameras. This type of protection board, while fulfilling the basic protection functions, focuses on being small in size and thin to adapt to the compact internal space design of consumer electronic products. And it has strict requirements for power consumption, aiming to minimize its own power consumption and reduce the consumption of battery power, thereby extending the device's battery life. In addition, consumer electronics protection boards also need to have good compatibility, being able to adapt to different brands and models of lithium batteries and electronic products.
Power protection plate
Power protection boards are applied to devices such as electric bicycles, electric vehicles, and electric motorcycles that require power output. Since the batteries of these devices need to frequently undergo high-current charging and discharging during operation, the power protection boards must have strong overcurrent protection capabilities and excellent heat dissipation performance to ensure the safe and stable operation of the protection boards and batteries under high-current conditions. Meanwhile, power protection boards have higher requirements for battery balancing to ensure the consistency and reliability of the battery pack during long-term use, and to enhance the vehicle's power performance and driving range.
Energy storage type protection board
Energy storage protection boards are mainly used in solar energy storage systems, wind energy storage systems, household energy storage power stations and other energy storage equipment. In energy storage application scenarios, batteries need to undergo long charge and discharge cycles, and there are high requirements for the capacity and lifespan of battery packs. In addition to the conventional protection and balancing functions, energy storage protection boards place greater emphasis on the stability and reliability of the system, and are capable of adapting to different charging and discharging modes as well as complex working environments. In addition, energy storage protection boards usually need to have remote monitoring and management functions. Users can remotely monitor the operating status of the battery in real time through the network, set parameters and diagnose faults, thereby improving the management efficiency and intelligence level of the energy storage system.